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- historical region in today's France
- former county and duchy
• Flag
• Meaning/Origin of the Flag
• Coat of Arms
• Meaning/Origin of the Coat of Arms
• Map of the historical Regions in France
• Explanations about the Regions
• History
• Origin of the Country's Name
Flag of Nivernais,
Source, by: Die Welt der Flaggen
1960–2016,
Unofficial flag of Burgundy Region
– drapeau officieux de la région Bourgogne,
Source, by: Wikipedia (D)
The flag of Nivernais is a scutcheon-flag, its design is the image of the coat of arms. The respective Heraldry shows a sixfold between gold and blue oblique-right divided shield, which was surrounded by a red border with an engrailed partition. The between 1960 and 2016 existing Region of "Bourgogne" (Burgundy), to which the Nivernais belonged, used an unofficial flag, which – like the historic flag – showed the features of the heraldry of the House of the Junior Line of Burgundy.
Source:
Volker Preuß,
Wikipedia (D)
Coat of arms of Nivernais,
Source, by: heraldique.org
Coat of arms of the Duchy of Burgundy under the House of the Senior Line of Burgundy
– Blason du Duché de Bourgogne sous la Maison de la Ligne Principale de la Bourgogne,
Source, by: heraldique.org
The coat of arms of Nivernais goes back to Odo IV. (1295–1350), from the House of the Senior Line of Burgundy, Duke of Burgundy, Count of Burgundy and Count of Artois. He had taken over this coat of arms from his nephew. It showed the heraldry of the coat of arms of the Duchy of Burgundy, although in a modified form, because the red border of the coat of arms appeared with an engrailed partition. He was probably marked in this way as younger son of the Duke. When his brother Hugo V. died, he took off his coat of arms, and took over the heritage, the title and the coat of arms of the Duke of Burgundy. He was succeeded by his grandson, Philip I., Duke of Burgundy, who married in 1356 Margaret, heiress and daughter of Louis III., Count of Flanders, Artois, Nevers and Rethel. In this way, the House of the Senior Line of Burgundy got the County of Nevers. However, why the first coat of arms of Odo IV. was transferred to Nivernais is unknown. But it could be a decision of the modern era, because this particular heraldry was no longer used after him, and did not appear in either a coats of arms of his house nor in one of the coats of arms of the in the future coming rulers of Nivernais.
Source:
Volker Preuß, Wikipedia (D)
The historical, French Regions:
in black: governorate and province in 1776,
in red: former county, province oder governorate
Map: Volker Preuß
The provinces (or governorates) that existed until the French Revolution were historically grown entities that had often developed from former fiefdoms of the French crown, historical counties and duchies, often existed for hundreds of years and had preserved regional characteristics (cultural peculiarities and regional languages). Such phenomena were naturally undesirable to the French Revolution, and in the context of its bloody and violent egalitarianism, all regional references were eradicated. Shortly after the Revolution, the provinces were dissolved and France was divided into many small départements, which were to be approximately the same size and have the same status, controlled by prefects of the central administration in Paris. The departments were named after rivers or mountains so as not to use the names of any of the old provinces. However, it was not possible to sever the ties between the inhabitants of France and their respective historically grown regions, so that in 1960 regions were created again. There can hardly be said to be any real autonomy. The regions are only supposed to promote the economic, social, health, cultural and scientific development of the region, keep an eye on housing and living conditions, and provide support in some areas, e.g. urban development policy, urban regeneration, regional planning, preservation of regional identity and promotion of regional languages. When the regions were formed, departments located in a particular historical province were administratively grouped together into a region that often had the same historical name. The resulting entities only roughly corresponded to the boundaries of historical provinces. In strictly centralised France, however, any form of responsible regionalism is avoided. The regions do not even have their own seals with which to mark their own legally binding decisions, because there are no plans to introduce such a thing. Therefore, anything to do with coats of arms or flags is completely irrelevant. The logos of the regions are used generally, sometimes with the colours reversed and placed arbitrarily on flags or banners. There are no rules, as they are not official symbols. The logos and flags of the regions therefore often look like company logos: Unloving, unhistorical, technocratic and modernistic. That is why most of these regions have a kind of unofficial heraldic flag, which is intended to recall historical heraldic models. However, these are merely decorative in nature and are not a symbol of sovereign functions. The regions created in 1960 were even called into question in 2014, and a territorial reform was decided – centrally from Paris – which reduced the number of regions by almost half through mergers. The regions and their institutions were not even consulted on this matter.
Wikipedia Link to the regions of France:
click or tap here
FOTW Link to the regions of France:
click or tap here
Source: Flags of the World,
Wikipedia (D),
Volker Preuß
antiquity · settlement by the Celtic tribe of the Bituriges
52 B.C. · Roman conquest, to the province of Gallia Lugdunensis
5th century A.D. · the today's Nivernais belongs to 442 to the kingdom of the Alans, from 443 to the kingdom of Burgundy, from 480 conquest of Gaul by the Franks, until 507 (under King Clovis) expansion of the empire to the Atlantic Ocean, the Pyrenees and the Alps, 532–534 conquer the Franks the kingdom of Burgundy, today's Nivernais comes to the Frankish Empire, and becomes a part of the duchy of Burgundy
880 · at the division of the Frankish Empire (Treaty of Verdun and Ribbemont) was created the West Frankish Kingdom – the later France – to which the today's Nivernais belongs as County of Nevers
10th century · Nevers is ruled by Duke Henry the Great of Burgundy from the House of Capet, probably represented by a viscount
982–1026 · reign of Count Otto William, an adopted son of Henry the Great of Burgundy (House of Burgundy-Ivrea)
995 · Matilda of Burgundy, heiress and daughter of Otto William, Count of Burgundy, gets married to Count Landry, in this way the House (line, dynasty) of Monceaux is created, that rules until 1184 in the County of Nevers (Nivernais)
1184 · Agnes I. of Nevers, heiress and daughter of Guido, Count of Auxerre, Tonnerre and Nevers, gets married to Peter of Courtenay, in this way takes over the House (line, dynasty) of Courtenay, that rules until 1272 in the County of Nevers (Nivernais)
1270 · Robert de Dampierre, Count of Flanders, inherits the County of Nevers, he is married to the daughter of John of France (since 1265 Count of Nevers and since 1268 Count of Valois), in this way takes over the House of Dampierre that rules until 1369 in the County of Nevers
1356 · Margaret, heiress and daughter of Louis III., Count of Flanders, Artois, Nevers and Rethel, gets married to Philip I., Duke of Burgundy, in this way takes over the Senior Line of Burgundy, but just until 1361, when Philip I. died and the Senior Line of Burgundy extincted, a familiy-line that goes back over its founder Robert I. (1011–1076), and his father, Robert II. King of France back to the House of Capet, with the death of Philip I. Burgundy comes back to the royal domain
1363 · King John II. of France (Valois) enfeoffed his fourth son, Philip (Philip II.), with the Duchy of Burgundy
1369 · second marriage of Margaret, she gets married to Philip II., Duke of Burgundy from the House of Valois, in this way takes over the Junior Line of Burgundy, which ruled until 1504 in the County of Nevers
1356 · Margaret, heiress and daughter of Louis III ., Count of Flanders, Artois, Nevers and Rethel, gets married to Philip I., Duke of Burgundy (in 1369 second marriage to Philip II., Duke of Burgundy), in this way takes over the House of Burgundy, that rules until 1504 in the County of Nevers
1455 · Elisabeth, heiress and daughter of John II., Count of Nevers, Rethel and Etampes, gets married to John I., Duke of Cleves and Count of the Mark, in this way takes over the House of Cleves-Mark (now Cleves-Nevers), that rules until 1566 in the County /Duchy of Nevers
1538 · the County of Nevers is raised to a duchy
1566 · Henriette of Cleves, Duchess of Nevers, heiress and daughter of Francis I. of Cleves, Count of Eu and Duke of Nevers, gets married to Luigi Gonzaga, Count of Rethel, in this way takes over the House of Gonzaga, that rules until 1659 in the Duchy of Nevers
1659 · the Duchy of Nevers is sold by Charles V. (House of Gonzaga) to Cardinal Mazarin
1661 · death of Cardinal Mazarin, the inheritance goes to the husband of a niece of Mazarin, Philippe Julien Mancini, in this way takes over the House Mazarin-Mancini, that rules until 1789 in the Duchy of Nevers, the country is involved in the civil administration of the Kingdom of France and has a governmental administration (Nivernais), the power of the Duke – as a vassal of the king – is not affected
1776 · the already in the 14th century created governorates of the civil administration of the kingdom of France become committed to a number of 39, and correspond in this way to the number of provinces, in previous years could any provinces be summarized in one governorate
1789 · French Revolution, the governorates (provinces) become abolished, Nivernais is divided into departments (essentially Nièvre and to a lesser degree the departments of Yonne and Cher)
1960 · reintroduction of regions in France, the Nivernais doesn't play a role, affiliation with the newly created Burgundy region (Bourgogne, capital: Dijon), of course not within the historic boundaries, just by integrating of the departments of Yonne, Nièvre, Côte-d'Or and Saône-et-Loire
2016 · the Burgundy region (Bourgogne) merges with the Franche-Comté region in the new, larger region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté
Source:
Wikipedia (D),
Wikipedia (FR),
Meyers Konversationslexikon
The name "Nivernais" has its roots in the name of the city of Nevers. The town has its name from the former name of the city from the time of the Romans. Then it was called "Nevirnum", supposedly named after the Nièvre River, but it is likely to have at this time to carry a different name.
Source:
Meyers Konversationslexikon,
Volker Preuß
