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- historical region in France
- former county, duchy and province
• Flags
• Meaning/Origin of the Flag
• Coat of Arms
• Meaning/Origin of the Coat of Arms
• Map of the historical Regions in France
• Explanations about the Regions
• History
• Origin of the Country's Name
Flag of Anjou – Drapeau de Anjou,
Source, by:
Die Welt der Flaggen
from 1960,
Unofficial flag of Pays-de-la-Loire Region
– Drapeau de officieux de la Pays-de-la-Loire region,
Source, by:
Wikipedia (D)
The flag of Anjou is a scutcheon-flag, its design is actually the image of the coat of arms of the line of the Valois, like it was reproduced since the 16th century, with three lilies. The in 1960 created Region of "Pays-de-la-Loire", to which Anjou belongs, uses an unofficial flag modeled after historical coats of arms. It shows the heraldry of Maine, Anjou, Vendée and Brittany.
Source:
Wikipedia (D),
Volker Preuß
929–1060, Ingelgeriens,
Coat of arms of Anjou,
Source, by:
m695.blogspot.com
1060–1150, Château-Landon,
Coat of arms of Anjou,
Source, by:
m695.blogspot.com
1060–1219,
Coat of arms of the House of Plantagenet,
Source, by:
Wikipedia (FR)
1219–1290, Kapetinger/Capétiens,
Coat of arms of the Counts of Anjou
– Armes des comtes capétiens d'Anjou,
Source, by:
Wikipedia (FR)
1360–1481, de Valois,
Coat of arms of the Counts of Anjou
– Armes des comtes capétiens d'Anjou,
Source, by:
Wikipedia (FR)
16.–18. Jahrhundert,
Coat of arms of the Dukes of Anjou
– Armes des ducs d'Anjou,
Source, by:
Wikipedia (FR)
The first Counts of Anjou, which go back to Ingelger, showed a blue shield with a red shield-head, topped with a golden three-armed lily cross. When Count Geoffrey II. Martel died in 1060, this line extincted. Successor was his nephew, Geoffrey III., he founded the line of the Counts of Anjou out of the House of Gatinais (later Plantagenets). They first used an a blue shield with a red shield-head, topped with a golden lion. Then the heraldry of Anjou was determinated by the line of the Plantagenet, on the one hand with the six golden lions on blue, on the other hand with the insignia of the Kings of England: two or three golden lions on red. When King Louis IX . his younger brother, Prince Charles I fief of France in 1246 with the county of Anjou , the fleur de lis of the Capetians was for him supplemented with a red collar tournament , Charles - following the rules of the French Heraldry - featured as a younger son. The progenitor of the line of Valois, Prince Charles (1270–1325, son of King Philipp III.), Count of Valois, Anjou and Maine, took over the coat of arms from Prince John Tristan (1250–1270, Count of Valois, son of King Ludwig IX.). He surrounded the lily arms of the Capetians with a wide red border. The coat of arms of the Capetians showed three golden lilies on blue, but originally was the coat of arms sprinkled with lilies. From 1365 (by others sources 1376), the number of lilies was reduced to three. The lily-symbol is very old, already the Germanic tribe of the Franks has used it. The House of the Capetians has provided the kings of France between 987 and 1328. It goes back to Hugo Capet, son of Hugo the Great, who was electet to the King of France, in 987, after the death of King Ludwig V. from the House of the Carolingians. The Capetians brought out three branch lines which became the Kings of France: Valois 1328–1589, Bourbon 1589–1792 and 1814–1830, and Orléans 1830–1848.
Source:
Heraldique Europeenne,
Volker Preuß,
Wikipedia (D)
The historical, French Regions:
in black: governorate and province in 1776,
in red: former county, province oder governorate
Map: Volker Preuß
The provinces (or governorates) that existed until the French Revolution were historically grown entities that had often developed from former fiefdoms of the French crown, historical counties and duchies, often existed for hundreds of years and had preserved regional characteristics (cultural peculiarities and regional languages). Such phenomena were naturally undesirable to the French Revolution, and in the context of its bloody and violent egalitarianism, all regional references were eradicated. Shortly after the Revolution, the provinces were dissolved and France was divided into many small départements, which were to be approximately the same size and have the same status, controlled by prefects of the central administration in Paris. The departments were named after rivers or mountains so as not to use the names of any of the old provinces. However, it was not possible to sever the ties between the inhabitants of France and their respective historically grown regions, so that in 1960 regions were created again. There can hardly be said to be any real autonomy. The regions are only supposed to promote the economic, social, health, cultural and scientific development of the region, keep an eye on housing and living conditions, and provide support in some areas, e.g. urban development policy, urban regeneration, regional planning, preservation of regional identity and promotion of regional languages. When the regions were formed, departments located in a particular historical province were administratively grouped together into a region that often had the same historical name. The resulting entities only roughly corresponded to the boundaries of historical provinces. In strictly centralised France, however, any form of responsible regionalism is avoided. The regions do not even have their own seals with which to mark their own legally binding decisions, because there are no plans to introduce such a thing. Therefore, anything to do with coats of arms or flags is completely irrelevant. The logos of the regions are used generally, sometimes with the colours reversed and placed arbitrarily on flags or banners. There are no rules, as they are not official symbols. The logos and flags of the regions therefore often look like company logos: Unloving, unhistorical, technocratic and modernistic. That is why most of these regions have a kind of unofficial heraldic flag, which is intended to recall historical heraldic models. However, these are merely decorative in nature and are not a symbol of sovereign functions. The regions created in 1960 were even called into question in 2014, and a territorial reform was decided – centrally from Paris – which reduced the number of regions by almost half through mergers. The regions and their institutions were not even consulted on this matter.
Wikipedia Link to the regions of France:
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FOTW Link to the regions of France:
click or tap here
Source: Flags of the World,
Wikipedia (D),
Volker Preuß
antiquity · settlement by Celtic tribes , the largest of them are the Andecavers
56 B.C. · Roman conquest, to the province of Gallia Lugdunensis
5th century A.D. · the territories north of the Loire River belong to the kingdom of the Roman Governor Syagrius, south of the Loire to the kingdom of the Visigoths, from 480 conquest of Gaul by the Franks, until 507 (under King Clovis) expansion of the empire to the Atlantic, the Pyrenees and the Alps, the area of today's Anjou comes to the Frankish Empire
511 · death of King Clovis, division of the Frankish Empire by Salic law of succession among his four sons (residences in Paris, Soissons, Orleans, Reims)
ca. 550 · administrative division of the kingdom into the kingdoms of Austrasia, Neustria and Burgundy, today's Anjou comes to Neustria, later to the Duchy of Francia
865 · first mention of Duke of "Francia", called Robert the Strong
880 · at the division of the Frankish Empire (Treaty of Verdun and Ribbemont) was created the West Frankish Kingdom – the later France (including today's Anjou) under a line of the Carolingians
898 · death of Robert the Strong, succession by his brother Robert II.
922 · Robert II. calls himself King of France
923 · Robert II. dies in the Battle of Soissons, the inheritance goes to his son Hugo (Hugh) the Great, he wins the battle, but rejects the crown of France
ca. 925 · Hugh the Great employs Ingelger as a Viscount in Angers, he founds the first line of the Counts of Anjou
929 · Fulk I., the Red, son of Ingelger calls himself Count of Anjou
930 · Hugh the Great recognizes Fulk I. as Count of Anjou
936 · Hugh the Great is guardian of King Louis IV.
942 · Hugo the Great receives Neustria (now Northern France, which includes Anjou) and Burgundy
956 · death of Hugh the Great
987 · death of Louis V. (986–987) from the house of the Carolingians, Hugo Capet, son of Hugo the Great was elected to the King of France and becomes the founder of the Capetian dynasty (Kings of France 987–1328), the Counts of Anjou support the king and they rise to a powerful dynasty in the west of today's France
992 · Count Fulk III . Nerra beats the Bretons in the second battle of Conquereuil, expansion of the controled area
1016 · Count Fulk III . Nerra beats the Counts of Blois in the Battle of Pontlevoy
1033 · Count Geoffrey II. Martel beats the Duke of Aquitaine in a battle, expansion the controled area
1060 · death of Count Geoffrey II. Martel, he is succeeded by his nephew, Geoffrey III . , The Bearded, he founds the line of the Counts of Anjou out of the House of Gatinais
1109 · Count Fulk V., the Younger, son of Fulk IV., is the successor after his death
1110 · Count Fulk V. of Anjou marries Eremburg of Beaugency, the heiress of Maine
1128 · Geoffrey Plantagenet, son of Count Fulk V., marries Matilda, the daughter of Henry I. of England
1129 · Count Fulk V. becomes a crusader, he hands over the County of Anjou to his son Geoffrey V. Plantagenet
1131 · Fulk V. becomes King of Jerusalem (Angevin dynasty to 1205)
1135 · death of King Henry I. of England, his son-in-law, Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou, becomes Duke of Normandy, however, King Louis VI . of France had already given the Normandy as a fief to Count Stephen of Blois, a nephew of King Henry I.
1144 · Geoffrey Plantagenet establishes finally its rule as Duke of Normandy against Count Stephen of Blois
1150 · Henry, son of Geoffrey Plantagenet, is Duke of Normandy
1151 · death of Geoffrey Plantagenet
1152 · Henry marries Duchess Eleanor of Aquitaine, the duchies of Aquitaine and Gascony come to the house of Anjou-Plantagenet
1154 · death of Stephen of Blois (King of England) , Henry is his successor as Henry II., Anjou becomes in this way a fief of the French king, which is a part of the crown of England (House of Anjou-Plantagenet)
1189 · death of Henry II., he is succeeded by his son Richard the Lionheart
1199 · death of Richard the Lionheart, he is succeeded by his son John Lackland
1204 · Philip Augustus, King of France, conquers Normandy, Anjou, Maine and Touraine (Angevin Empire of the Plantagenets)
1206 · John Lackland renounces the areas north of the Loire
1214 · John Lackland renounces further areas in the Loire area (the Plantagenets still remain as Kings of England until 1485 and they keep some areas in France), Anjou comes to the French crown domain
1246 · King Louis IX . of France enfeoffes his younger brother, Prince Charles I., with the County of Anjou (Charles I. in 1266 terminated the reign of the Hohenstaufen in southern Italy - Kingdom of Sicily - lower Italy comes as Kingdom of Naples to the House of Anjou and remains to 1435 under the reign of the line Anjou-Capet, from 1301 to 1386 the kings of Hungary came from the House of Anjou-Capet)
1290 · Marguerite d' Anjou, daughter of Charles II. of Naples, marries the French prince Charles of Valois, her is given the County of Anjou as a dowry in the marriage, arise of the House of Anjou-Valois
1328 · death of King Charles IV. (the Fair), extinction of the direct Capetian line, according to Salic Law Count Philip of Valois (Son of Prince Charles of Valois, first cousin of King Charles IV.) came on the French throne (as King Philip VI .), Anjou comes thus to the royal domain (royal possessions), the English king Edward III. lays claim to the throne as a maternal nephew of Charles IV., reason for the "Hundred Years War" (Anglo-French War, 1338–1453), out of the House of Valois came all kings of France from 1328 to 1589
1360 · King John II. of France raises Anjou to a duchy and passes it to his second son Louis I. (second line of Anjou-Valois)
1380 · Queen Joanna I. of Naples adopts Louis I. and made him to the heir, the Kingdom of Naples comes thus to the second line of Anjou-Valois
1442 · Alfonso V. of Aragon conquers the Kingdom of Naples, to 1504 war between Spain and France for Naples, finally it came to the House of Habsburg in 1516
1481 · death of Duke Charles IV., end of the second line Anjou-Valois, the land comes back to the crown, the title of the duke and the country are awarded in the following years as an appanage to royal princes again and again
1776 · the already in the 14th century created governorates of the civil administration of the kingdom of France become committed to a number of 39, and correspond in this way to the number of provinces, in previous years could any provinces be summarized in one governorate
1789 · French Revolution, the governorates (provinces) become abolished, Anjou is divided into departments (approximately Mayenne-et-Loire, Vienne , Indre-et-Loire, Mayenne and Sarthe)
1960 · reintroduction of regions in France, formation of the Region of Pays de la Loire with Nantes as capital, but not within the historic boundaries, just by integrating of the departments of Loire-Atlantique, Maine-et-Loire, Mayenne, Sarthe und Vendée
Source:
Wikipedia (D), Brockhaus Konversationslexikon
The name "Anjou" has its roots in the name of the city of Angers. The city has its name from the Celtic tribe of the Andecaver (also Andeavii), which can be translated with "residents of the water land".
Source:
Atlas der wahren Namen,
Volker Preuß
